![]() The areas of Scandinavia were quick to be Christianized Nations. However, Christianization made fast growth and established itself as the long-term resolution to the problem of barbarian invasion. The long-suffering English later responded with a butchering of Danish homesteaders, heading to a round of acts of revenge and lastly to Danish rule, though England recovered freedom soon after. With almost the whole kingdom lately devastated by the Vikings, England was in a desperate state. The Vikings had a trade network in northern Europe, including a way, uniting the Baltic Sea to Constantinople within Kievan Rus. By difference, Córdoba, in Islamic Spain, at this time, was the world’s most populous city (455 thousand citizens). Constantinople had a population of about 310 thousand, but Rome had only 36 thousand, and Paris 21 thousand. ![]() In 1000 CE, Western Europe was less developed related to the Islamic world, with its broad network of the caravan trade. the beginning of the history of France and Germany. New states were created, in a great arc running from the Celtic world, through Scandinavia, and on to the Slavic world. Feudalism was on the rise, with local lords holding significant authority over their territories marking the early stages of medieval Europe. The Byzantine Empire in the east remained a significant power, while the Islamic Caliphates continued to influence the Iberian Peninsula and Southern Italy. Viking raids and invasions were prominent, affecting regions such as England, France, and the Mediterranean. The Carolingian Empire, established by Charlemagne, had dissolved into smaller feudal states. In 900 CE, Europe was characterized by a fragmented political landscape. This era marked the beginning of feudalism and the emergence of numerous independent feudal states and kingdoms in Europe. East Francia, ruled by Charlemagne’s successors, laid the foundation for the Holy Roman Empire. West Francia eventually became modern-day France, while Middle Francia dissolved into smaller states. His vast Carolingian Empire began to disintegrate, with his grandsons dividing it into West Francia, Middle Francia, and East Francia. Europe after the death of Charlemagne 814 CEĪfter the death of Charlemagne in 814 CE, Europe entered a period of fragmentation and decentralization. The Eastern Roman Empire, centered in Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul), continued to exist and would later become the Byzantine Empire.Įurope in 476 CE was a landscape of shifting allegiances, migrations, and the blending of Roman and Germanic traditions, setting the stage for the medieval period and the emergence of distinct European kingdoms and cultures. The Roman cultural and administrative structures were giving way to a more decentralized feudal system, with local lords and nobility holding sway over their territories. In that year, the last Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus, was overthrown by the Germanic chieftain Odoacer, marking the traditional date for the fall of the Western Roman Empire.ĭuring this period, Europe was characterized by the fragmentation of political power, as various Germanic tribes and kingdoms asserted their dominance. The Western Roman Empire, which had dominated the region for centuries, was in its final stages of decline. In 476 CE, Europe was in a state of transition and turmoil. Europe at the end of the reign of King Matthias Cornivus of Hungary in 1490 CE.Europe after the death of Charlemagne 814 CE.Today, Europe is a complex mosaic of countries with rich histories and diverse societies, making it a dynamic and influential region on the global stage. The Cold War divided Europe into Eastern and Western blocs, with the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 symbolizing the end of this era.Įuropean history is characterized by cultural diversity, intellectual achievements, and political transformations, with the European Union being a modern attempt at fostering unity and cooperation among its nations. The continent has also been marked by numerous wars and conflicts, including the Hundred Years’ War, the Napoleonic Wars, and the two World Wars of the 20th century. It encompasses ancient civilizations such as the Greeks and Romans, the medieval period with its feudal systems and the rise of Christianity, the Renaissance, which saw a revival of art, science, and learning, and the Age of Exploration, which brought about global exploration and colonization. As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases.Įuropean history is a vast and complex tapestry of events, cultures, and civilizations that have shaped the continent over millennia.
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